Method and apparatus for compressing gases



May 6, 1930. J. JANDASEK METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING GASES Filed March 15 1926 5 sheets-sheet l IN V EN TOR.

May 6, 1930. .1. JANDASEK MET-HOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING GASES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 15, 1926 J. JANDAsEK 1,757,802

` METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSINGvGASS Filed March l5, 1926 3 Sheecs-Shee'` 3 Patented May 1930 Y v i l Josnrn "JAnnsnK-Q, or i: LIaNo'rs METHOD` lhun Fon coiyrrnnssiiie Y Lapp1-mation: 15," ,Serial 34,8146." i l `Thisinvention,relates toa new method and showingthe relative position 'of the stationapparatus for compressing gas or air bythe ary vdeiecting vanes and the revolving varies;

action of fluids influenced centrifugal Y. .Figure 8, is a diagrammatic longitudinal torce. section showlngthe applicationo'f my lnv'enf Y i5 In contra-distinetion` to present fliiown tionto a-singlestage. double flow unit;V 55

' lois retained in arevolving body.

methods andapparatusfor compressing air VFigure 9', is also a diagrammatic longituor gases, the methodV and apparatus herein dinal section showing the application of my contemplated utilizes the action of a fluid invention toa double stageunitior high com-v inluenced by centrifugal force, which-fluid pressionfuses. v f

Tliejapp'aratusconsists preferably oi 60 The operation-of he apparatus herein dedrum 12 supported for rotation on the shaft scribed is similar: to that of :known hydraulic '13. v The drum 12 contains water' or any other vaircompressors'Whereinthe pressure dueto suitable v fluid v4which circulates within the Gravity increases downwardly, thedierence drum duringitsrotation.:r i

seing in Vtheutilization of centrifugal forceV j The` dru1n12'is preferablyiormed of tfwos of arota'ting fluid body wherein the pressure hal-f* sections 12A 'and '12? y bolted .t ogether increases towardxthe peripherythereo-, i about the peripheral joint 12?;

- lt is an object-ofthe invention to provide The vhalf Lsection 12A is divided.intoV six a new and useful compresson embodying equallyspaced compartmentsbystraight par-v '20 4novel eaturesjof construction wherein `the tition walls 12D. as shown in Figures 1 andf 7 0 action of auid influenced by the centrifugal 6. The other halfsectio'n 12B is also ydivided 'force of said fluid, will .uniformly compress into similar corresponding compartments the air er gas.` i l f Walls 12E, 125) and12GQ The straight walls It isalso an obj ect of the invention t0 prO- 12D. being in alignment WithfV the "walls 12E,

25 ride certain details and novel featureslot conand extendingirom the'junction of thehalf 775 -35 f Figure ,2, isan enlarged detail of a section by Znin/Figurefl.

40 feeder-chamber andfrelativ-e, positioiiiiof-the' ley-or gear or chainsprocketior purpose oi struction tending to increase-thegeneral et; sections 12A and 12B tothe line 12E. Y The iiciency pt eompressors of .this particular partition fwalls 12F, however, are slightly type and. character. f curved as shown in Figure lg'andfentend from Tothese and ther usefulends my inventheir meeting line 12E to;close proXimity'of $0 tion Aconsists inthe'inatters `hereinafter set 'thestationary vanes 16* withinthe distance 80 Vforthand claimed.V Y Y indicated by Xjin Figure 1.

In the accompanying drawings: The partition walls 12Gare l still further Figurel, is aV longitudinal section through `curved and in opposite direction toV the vwalls aiicoinpressor embodying my invention; 12F'and extend within the vdistance indicated ofthelcompressor showingthe gas V orair Theshaft 13 is rotatably supported in the inlet connection; and -1 l beariIlgQl at one end andin bearing22 at Alfi`if, 'ure 3,-is across section taken on line the other end. Theoverhanging extension ot AFigure 2, showing the segmental gas 13A of the shaft is adapted to support apulfog-ming inlet passag receiving rotaryactionf from any suitable en- Figure a, is anfenlargled cross sectionfof gine or 1notor, i j. f f

vone otthegas inletpipes; `The baseportionsjof the bearings 21 and Figu're',l is cross sectienof thestationf 22,@are formedV integrally with the Vsupport- 345 ary deiiectingvanestaken Online Qing-ftrame.23,` the baseQa'nd legs 23A o- 95 Vure'l; whichare hollow to provideran interior' en- Fi-gu-re 6; is a; erosssectientahen QnflinefcloSed chamber 23C v which is filled approxi- 6- 6 et Figurel, showing theportionsr matel to thelevel Y withthe same liq.

gas inlet pipes" within therevolving druni.- uid `v vithin: the drum 12. 59 Figure .isa diagrammatic killustration, 1 suitable pipe 27 is lprovided which com- 10Q munic'ates at oneend With the liquid reservoir 23C and at the other end'vvith'the interior of the drum 12 for the purpose of automatically supplying liquid into the drumv 12 should for anyreason, such as evaporation, the proper amount be decreased.

The` gas inlet pipef25 is providedV with a control valve 26 and'discharges the gasv un-V deratmospheric `or less than atmospheric pressure into the segmental chamber 22A formed within the inner end of the bear-ing 22; The chamber22A communicatesintermitf i tently and successively With the inlet openings of the passages 27 which are formed in hub of the drum casting 12A and connectedV by the tubular branch pipes 14A With thegas` n inlet pipes`14. i i

The gasor air passing'through the series of inlet pipes 14 which project into the'narrow mouth 15A ofY the interior passages 15 Will cause a number of'small jets of gas tobe cntrained by thel liquid flowing past them Within the decreased area of the fluid passages In other Words, the increased velocity of the liquid flovvingaround the inlet pipes 14 will cause a rVenturi-'effect and thus draw the air or gas intoadmixture with the Huid.

The portions of the pipe 14 Withinthe passages 15A are slightly altered in crosssection as clearly seen in Fig. 4, that is, they are flattenedV and the .ends areclosed so that the gas is dischargedonly from'thefsmall openings 14Blocated in the topslof the pipes when Vviewed from the periphery of the drumr12.

Dueto the intermittent discharge of gas, aV

e more homogeneousVV mixtureV ofriine bubbles is'obtained.` l i n a u The mixture ofr gas' and Ifluid moves ob- 'viously' toward the periphery 'due toV centrifugal u force Y for gradual' compression. A.

v Y The deflection of the liquid due to the curve Y in the Wall 12H, in connection With `the grad-l .uallyenlarged interiorl?3 at the periphery 'of the drum 12`Will change the direction` of the flow of the mixture, yandincrease `the pressure at the periphery to thus cause a total separation of the `gas from liquid.' accumulating in the pocket 15C.

It may be stated thatthe flow of the mixture in the enlarged peripheral passage 15BY isparallel to the axis ofthe rotationof the drum 12, hence With'the decreased velocity ample time isallowed forthegasbubbles tb escape into the pocket 15C.

The fluid alone then passesinto the pas- I sage 15D toward the axis of rotation, thus main-V ;l

Y' taining` upon the airor gasto bel compressed,

a' pressure due. to Yheight 7127 orl the liquid .column which is measured perpendioularly Vto the revolving shattin the passage 15D; `rIt pis' noW obvious that the passagel-'V is filled with V a lighter mixture of gas and liquid'Y While the passage 15A contains aheavier iuid.

Hence, the height of mixture atfy' mustbe y ygreat'V enough to'balance the counter-acting The" gas V diminish the action offthefcentrifugal force whereby the force in the channels l5 Will overcome the orcefin thechannels 15D.

The`f`vanes 16A are formedintegrally with f andbetween the outerfrusto-conical Wall 16E The., Y

and theinner truste-conical Wall 16D. innerend of the Wall -16Dis formed integrally with theV tubular extension 16C. The ent-ire. stationary vane unitjisdesignated by numeral 16 and is supported in stationary position on theshaft 13 by'means of a brake shoe 17j and tightening s crevv'18 having aha-nd WheelV 19. j-The screwV 18 is supported in the arm 2(1)formedintegrally-With gthe cap of the bearing 21. to temporarily stop the compression of the gases, the same can be attained by simply loosening the screw 18 tol disengage the brake shoe :from the-extension 16Cv to*A permit the Should the operator desire stationary vane cone 16 to revolvewithshaft Y 1 3` and drum '12 thusstoppingthe circulationof the liquid and compressing action.

" The vanes 16'A are disposed within the .cone

16 atan*` angle to the" flowing liquidltoV Cleycrease any imped'ancejeliect yWhich mightk arisefrom any -abruptfre'si'stancd and fur-` ther,` to decrease any `Variations or luctua- Y tions iin thev flow of the liquid."l Having passed the-vanes 16A, tlie'fluidmoves into thenarrowinlet mouth 15A, and another cycle Y of mixing, compressing'and separating takes place; Inl this manner, the iiuid is continually reused during the continuous operation of the machine.v n

- The'compressed gas Which-has been compressed in the annularchamber 15C is discharged through the pipes- 23 .intoV the passage 13C of the shaft; 13, and Vthrough the check valve 24, into 'storage or for-.direct use. Suitablecoils 23A may be formed inthe pipes23'for cooling ofthe compressed gas. The drum section 12A vis preferably formed With openings 30 Within the double YWalls i thereof to Pemt the"entrance4r or air to' cool t -the coils 23A, i. Y Y u VIt nay here benotedthat Whilelit takesj approximately ai 34 foot head i ot'water to produce aV pressure ofzlv atmosphere by gravity, the same canv be readily atta-ined .by

my apparatus with VaV height Which is comparativel'y much Yless-"due4 Ito the Vvcentrifugal force -Amaintained aA predetermined rotajtionof'the drum; Furthermore, as the gas in my apparatus is compressed isothermally at the ytemperature of the liquid, less. power Will be required than'. in any type of compressor. 'i ,7.,

The above; described machine may be reciprocating e Y drum, a liquid in said drum,means for con-k gas from said drum.

v high pressure type,

termed, a single iiow, one stage machine. It isreadily apparent that in order lto save spaeeand balance the axialv thrust, the `same machine can be built inthe .formof' a double j flow type, as shown ,diagrammatically in Fig. 8, in which the arrows indicate the. circulation of the mixture andgas,

Also, thef'inachine maybe 'designed as a arranging aiplurality of drumsin adjacent positions affording. successive'. stages of coin-A for instance, in steamturbines.`

pression as i Such arrangement isp-shown ly in Fig. 9. Iclaim: 1. AV compressor comprising a revolving diagrammaticalunder compression within said drum by the centrifugal'forceof'said liquid, and means to permit the discharge of said compressed 2. A compressor `comprisinga` revolving drum, a vliquid in `,said drum, means for inin said Vdrum during its ,from said drum.

termittently conveying a stream of gas into said drum for admiXture with said; liquid, means causing the circulation' of said liquid separating saidgas from said liquidunder compression Within said drum bythe cen-- trifugal force of saidlli'quid, and means i to permit thedischarge of said-gas fromisaid drum. 'f Y* 35A drum, a liquid in said drum, termittently conveying a pluralitv of streams of gas into said drum'ifor admiXture with said liquid. means causing the circulation of said liquid in said drum during its rotation` meansr for separating said gas `from .said

i liquid under compression within saiddruin by -the centrifugal force of' saidV liquid, Vand meansto permit 4. A compressorcomprising ya-revolving drum. a plurality of A said drum, a liquid Within said compartments,

for intermittently drawfor admixture with i vaiies interposed within 'said compartments `causing thecirculation-of said liquid during the rotation of said drum,means atthe outerY portion of said'dr'um for changing the direction "of the ifloiv ofthe mixture of said liquid and gas and retardiii-g its speed .to cause a separation of said gas vfrom said liquidunder and still maintain theu drum of a comparatively small diameter, bv Y rotation, means for Y compressor f comprising 'al revolving means for in-n the discharge vofi said gas f compartments :within compression Within said drum by thecentrifugalfforce of said liquidgand means `to permit the discharge'l offsaid compressed gas from said drum, e Y

.- :5. A compressor Vas embodied in claimfll, and including said inlet passages with *flattened discharge ends having openings` for kthe discharge of thegas. l

zgAjcompressor comprising a rotatable shaft., a revolving. drum' inountedon said -havlng anzinner Wall and an outer Wallwith shaft, a liquid Within said'drum, said'druin `apassage `between said inner and-outer Walls y for v saidl liquid and a plurality ofl transverse Wallsintegral WithV said Vinner and vouter Walls,

Y an annular, depression insaid innerwall `forming an annular chamber of segmental Vcross 'sectionvwithin saiddrum passa ge,a plurality of gas inlet.passages extending into Vsaid iiuid passage `Within said drum, means `for intermittently discharging the gas through said gas passages for admiXtureWith .said fluid, means for inducing a circulation of said fluid during the rotating of said drum,

the ,gas `from said fluid means for separating :whereby said gas Willbe collectedwithin said annular chamber, said shaft havin tudinal passage Within one end thereof, and a tube leadingfrom, said annulargas chamber to said longitudinal passage within said Vshaft `for dischargingthe compressed gas therethrough. 7 .YA .compressor as embodied in'iclaim` l and including means for aifecting saidineans causing .the circulation of .theliquid in. said` drum 4*Wh'erebyzth'e circulation of saidV liquid Will-be stopped kduring Vthe 'continued 'rotationl of said. drum. f

' 8.' A compressor as embodied incl'aiin' .4 and includingmeans for releasingv said stationary vanes Ito` permit "their rotation :with said drumv to thereby stop the circulation ,of the E'liquid and the compression of the gas. l 9. Acompressor comprising a'double drum forming a revolvingv unit, asingle shaft for. said unit drum, saidunit drum having outer end passages therein communicating with central passage communicating With said peripheral passageand aibranch passage leading fromsaid central'passageto saidouter pasi kvsages,a liquid Within said passages, means for a gas chamber adjacent said drum, a plurality` of inlet passages leadingfin'to saidzdrum com-f partments, Vmeans ing thejgas from said gaschambery through' saidl inlet passages into said compartments `said liquid, stationary c'ausinga circulation of said liquid through said outer'end passages to the peripheral passage into 'said Common cei'itial'passage and thei'otation `0i said unit drum, means for sep- -arating the gas lor air from theiliquid Withan enlargedv peripheral passage, acomnion.

so,y

lill) Ainthe' peripheral passage andcompmessing',lv

same therein under centrifugal force 'of .said liquid, a pair of? annular chambers With-in said yperipheral.i passagesadapted to receive the '1'- compressedI air o'r gas said shaft having a longitudinal passage in each endthereof, and passages leading Vfro'mlsaidannular gas chainbers -toV through;- K. i. 10, A `compressor. as embodied in; claim 9,

' and including said meansrforadmitting the gas or-air into said` outer passages ycomprisingY flattened; discharge,` ends having a plurality of, comparatively .small ,openings for Y affording the withdrawalof the-:gas orf air into adinixture with thecirculating-liquid. 11. A 'two-stagecompressor comprising a Vdoubledrum,forming a revolving unit, a

`tudinal axis ofzsaid drum for admixture with the circulating liquid in saidconipartment during the rotation of thedrum,-means for Y separating the gas .from theyliquid during o compression within 'the'` peripheral passage of said-f first stage compartment, an annular gas chamber within each of saidicoinpartments for receiving the compressed gases, means for conveying the compressed gas from :the gas-chamber of said li'iststage compart- Y ment into the secoiidrstagecompartment for admixture with l,the circulating liquid therein,rmeans for separating the; gas fromthe liq- .iiid during compression within the peripheral passage of the: second stage compartment, a longitudinal passageV :within the; en d of said 'shaft' adjacent'said second. stage .compartment,vand means ffoi' conveying the' com-A pressed gas from. the annular gas vchamber .sof said second stage compartment iiitorsaid longitudinal passagein said shaft ,fordisvcharge therefrom. y g n 12. The :method of compressingV gases which includes the steps of imparting a rotary motion to a conlined body of liquid, causing a circulation of said liquid in its confined state during thebodily revolution thereof,v passing a stream' of gasinlto said bojdy of liquid for admixture with said revolving and .circulating liquid, ietardingthe-body of ciri culating` mixture of gas and liquid during its revolution and compressing the gas by thecentrifugalV pressure of said vrevolving iliquid. f i d,

13.V The .method off compressing gases which includesl the steps of imparting a rojtaiy motionjto a coniinedbody of liquid,

vcausingfa circulation -o-f Vsaid liquidgin its coniinedjstatefduring lthe bodily revo- Y lution thereof, passing- .a ,i 'pluralityf of saidlongitudinal shaft passages for 5 discharging the compressed air-or gas there- 1 tion to a'fconfined body of I circulationl of said liquid inits confined state during-the bodily;v revolution thereof,l inter lmitteiitly-'passing aplurality ofgstreamsof paratively decreased motion' ofV said' liquid fually compressing said mixture: as it circuspeed. by enlarging a f pressedV streams; of vgasfinto said` body of liquid for admixture With said revolving and circulating liquid, retardi'ng ltheibody of circulat- Y I ingmixture `of gas and liquid during its revoi.

lution and compressing the gas by the centrifi ugalpressui'e ofsaid-revolving liquid.

14. The method of includesthesteps of imparting"arotary mocoinpressing gases which gas into said body ofliquidffor adinixture with saidnrevolving and pressin of said revolvingliquid-- I circulating liquid, retarding thebody of circulating mixture of gas and liquid during its revolution and-comg the gas bythe-centrifugalpressure' 15. The method/,of compressing gases A which includes the stepsfof imparting av ro,-V

tary motion toa confiiied body of liquid, causingfa circulation ofsaid liquidin vits confined :revolution of saine, Y

state during the bodily passing a stream ofgas into said body ofliquid" for admiXture with said revolving -and circulating liquid, 'compressing by centrifugal pressure said mixture of gas and liquid,

and retarding-the flowrof said mixture dur; i

ing Vits bodilyrevolutioii to cause a 'separation ofthe gas from the liquid under centrifugal pressure.I f 'f 16. A rotary compressor forgases comprising aishell adapt-ed to be rotated, means i for supporting same, a liquid-insaid shell,

means forrotating said shell, means for con.-

tiniiously circulatinglsaid liquid jin .said shellfduringjits rotation whereby saidyliquid will flow with varying speeds in different portions of saidshell and under varying pressures, means for drawing a pluralityof Variable streams ofy gas into said vshell by means i of ,-Veiitui-'i eect, said gas-drawing ymeansbeingflocatednear the center of said sheli at, one'en'd thereof at-a point of com- `'pressure lin said fluid, the circumferential velocity of said-rotating beingl utilized in gradlates and moves `toward the vperiphery of said'revolving shell, means-atthe periphery iioV of? said shell for changing the direction of the flow of sai-d mixtureland retarding its yportion of the passage wit-hinithe shell to causeia complete separation-of the compressed lgasfrom said liquid,

means to prevent readmixiiig of said separated gas with-said separated liquid, means for permittingtheY discharge ofthe comgasvfrorn the shell, means arranged for returning all liquid freed of thecom- I pressed gas to the centralpart of shell Afor continuous operation, ymeans for arresting the rotating movement of saidjgas-free liquid asv it circulates andunoves towardv the center of the shell, whereby the circulation fk 1,757,802 i is facilitated, and fineaiis for automatic sup# ply of the liquid. into said shell.

' 17. A rotaiy'compiesso'r forV gases com-V prising a revolving Vshell mounted Ona holloiv rotatable shaft, bearings supporting said shaft, said bearings being formed integrally With a stationary hollow base therefore, a liquid Within said shell, a storage supply of the liquid in said stationary-base, tubular means for automatically supplying theliquid from said storage into saidshell having orifice consisting of a plurality of passages,

a plurality of gas inlet passages for injecting a plurality ofintermittent .streams of gas into sai-d shell to create a mixture of gas bubbles in said liquid, a plurality `of gas isi vents leading from said separating annular chamber to said hollow shaft for discharging the compressed gas'tlierethrough, a stationaryblade Wheel `having curved channels therein, said WheelV being mounted Within said shell and adapted to retard the rotation movement ofthe gas-free liquid, means vfor cooling` said liquid, means'gfor coolingthe compressed gas, means for controlling the quantity of injected gas, means for automatically stopping the admissionof gasatv determined higher `pressures han required, and means to arrest the circulation of the liquid and the compression of the gas Withoutstop-v ping the rotation ofc-ompressor, for the pur- Jose set forth.

18. An' apparatus for compressing gas comprising a centrifugally acting rotary cylindrical casing, a liquid in. said casing, a plurality of gas inlet passagesleading into the central part of said casing, a seriesl of gas ducts leading from an enlargedperipheral portion of sai-d casing to a 4inain'gas discharging pipe provided lwith a non-return check valve, said casing having curved passages adapted to transmit energyA to theV mixture of gas and liquid and to gradually increase the rotating velocity of said mixture toward the outer periphery of said casing,

`said passages being adapted to deliver the separated liquid in a direction, which has a radial component across an annular space to curved passages of a blade Wheel, a blade Wheel located Within said casing and equipped with curved vanes,--said varies being coaxial with said Wheel and operable to step orstationary position as required, and a handvvheel for controlling said blade Wheel, said blade Wheel discharging said liquid back into .A

said casingtoward its center, said casing and said bladeWheel both having a series of annular curvedV passages arranged adjacent to y each other'and comprising a complete circuit of passages inl the form of a gyratory ring in which said liquid is circulated.

in Witness whereof I affix my signature.

JosEPH A JANDASEK; y f

giadually'retard the rotating veloc-l vityjof said energized liquid, said bla-de Wheel vbeing adapted for independent rotation or 

